![]() Massed versus spaced practice effect: The tendency for retention of learned material to be greater with spaced practice than with massed practice. Savings method: A method of testing memory retention by comparing the numbers of trials needed to learn material with the number of trials needed to relearn the material at a later time. ![]() Ebbinghaus forgetting Curve: Ebbinghaus showed that forgetting occurs most rapidly shortly after learning and then gradually declines over time.He tested himself to see if he could remember nonsense syllables which are a combination of letters that don’t spell out anything. bolstered by early experimental studies conducted by one of the founders of experimental psychology, Hermann Ebbinghaus.Misinformation effect: A form of memory distortion that affects eyewitness testimony and that is caused by misinformation provided during the retention interval.ĭecay theory: A theory of forgetting that posits that memories consist of traces laid down in the brain that gradually deteriorate and fade away over time (also called trace theory). Implicit memory: Memory accessed without conscious effort.Įxplicit memory: Memory accessed through conscious effort.Ĭonstructionist theory: A theory that holds that memory is not a replica of the past but a representation, or reconstruction, of the past. ![]() Procedural memory: Memory of how to do things that require motor or performance skills. Prospective memory: Memory of things one plans to do in the future. Retrospective memory: Memory of past experiences or events and previously acquired information. Semantic memory: Memory of facts and general information about the world.Įpisodic memory: Memory of personal experiences. Levels-of-processing theory: The belief that how well or how long information is remembered depends on the depth of encoding or processing.įlashbulb memories: Enduring memories of emotionally charged events that seem permanently seared into the brain.ĭeclarative memory: Memory of facts and personal information that requires a conscious effort to bring to mind (also called explicit memory). Semantic network model: A representation of the organizational structure of long-term memory in terms of a network of associated concepts. Long-term memory depends more on semantic coding, or coding by meaningĬonsolidation: is the process by which the brain converts unstable, fresh memories into stable, long-term memories.Įlaborative rehearsal: The process of strengthening new memories by forming meaningful associations between the information and existing memories or knowledge. The memory subsystem responsible for long-term storage of information. Memory retrieval: the process of accessing stored information to make it available to consciousness. effortful processing is just as the name implies learning or storing or encoding that requires attention and effort.automatic processing: the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words.Elaborative rehearsal: the kind of coding in which new information is related to information that is already known.Maintenance rehearsal: mental repetition of information to keep it in memory.Memory storage: the process of retaining information in memory. ![]()
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